Main Infection Control Measures for Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Medical Institutions and Public Places in China / 中国医学科学院学报

Respiratory infectious diseases (RID) are the major public health problems threatening the people's lives and health.Infection control (IC) is one of the effective tools to contain the occurrence and spread of RID.We collected the articles and data on IC published since January 1,2018 and summarized the achievements,problems,and challenges of IC from administrative control,management control,environment and engineering control,and personal protection in the medical institutions and public places in China.The efforts for IC vary in different regions and medical institutions of different levels.There are still links to be improved for IC from administrative control,management control,environment and engineering control,and personal protection,especially in community-level medical institutions and public areas.It is urgent to strengthen the implementation of IC policies and conduct IC precisely according to local situations.We proposed the following suggestions.First,the existing IC products and tools should be applied to precisely implement the IC measures;second,modern high technology should be employed to develop efficient and convenient IC products and tools;finally,a digital or intelligent IC platform should be built for monitoring infections,so as to contain the occurrence and spread of RID.

Genotyping Characteristics of Human Fecal Escherichia coli and Their Association with Multidrug Resistance in Miyun District, Beijing / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genotyping characteristics of human fecal Escherichia coli( E. coli) and the relationships between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and multidrug resistance (MDR) of E. coli in Miyun District, Beijing, an area with high incidence of infectious diarrheal cases but no related data.@*METHODS@#Over a period of 3 years, 94 E. coli strains were isolated from fecal samples collected from Miyun District Hospital, a surveillance hospital of the National Pathogen Identification Network. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the broth microdilution method. ARGs, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and polymorphism trees were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing data (WGS).@*RESULTS@#This study revealed that 68.09% of the isolates had MDR, prevalent and distributed in different clades, with a relatively high rate and low pathogenicity. There was no difference in MDR between the diarrheal (49/70) and healthy groups (15/24).@*CONCLUSION@#We developed a random forest (RF) prediction model of TEM.1 + baeR + mphA + mphB + QnrS1 + AAC.3-IId to identify MDR status, highlighting its potential for early resistance identification. The causes of MDR are likely mobile units transmitting the ARGs. In the future, we will continue to strengthen the monitoring of ARGs and MDR, and increase the number of strains to further verify the accuracy of the MDR markers.

Study on CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between methylation level of its promoter region and liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mongolian tuberculosis patients in Inner Mongolia / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are few studies on whether the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ADIH) is associated with the polymorphism of CYP2E gene and methylation level. This study aims to CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between the methylation level of the promoter region and ADIH in Mongolian tuberculosis (TB) patients.Methods A total of 135 Mongolian TB patients who received standardized treatment at the Tuberculosis Research Institute of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia from November 2015 to June 2018 were selected. According to the ADIH criteria, TB patients with liver injury were selected as the ADIH group (n=45), and TB patients without liver injury were matched as the control group based on a ratio of 1∶2 (n=90). DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to amplify the CYP2E1 gene to determine the CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, and to analyze the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and relationship between ADIH and promoter methylation level.Results There were no significant differences in the distribution of CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, C1 and C2 gene frequencies between the ADIH group and the control group (P>0.05). The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene in ADIH group (0.711±0.085) was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.759±0.062). Results of Logistic regression showed that the overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was the influencing factor for the occurrence of ADIH (P<0.005). For each 0.1 unit increase of methylation level, the risk of ADIH occurrence reduced by 0.388 times, and the OR (95% CI) value was 0.388 (between 0.204 and 0.739).Conclusion The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was reduced in Mongolian ADIH patients, but the polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene was not related to the occurrence of ADIH. These results suggested that CYP2E1 methylation could be applied to the prevention and treatment of ADIH in patients with tuberculosis.

Study on CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between methylation level of its promoter region and liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mongolian tuberculosis patients in Inner Mongolia / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveThere are few studies on whether the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ADIH) is associated with the polymorphism of CYP2E gene and methylation level. This study aims to CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and the relationship between the methylation level of the promoter region and ADIH in Mongolian tuberculosis (TB) patients.Methods A total of 135 Mongolian TB patients who received standardized treatment at the Tuberculosis Research Institute of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia from November 2015 to June 2018 were selected. According to the ADIH criteria, TB patients with liver injury were selected as the ADIH group (n=45), and TB patients without liver injury were matched as the control group based on a ratio of 1∶2 (n=90). DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to amplify the CYP2E1 gene to determine the CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, and to analyze the CYP2E1 gene polymorphism and relationship between ADIH and promoter methylation level.Results There were no significant differences in the distribution of CYP2E1 rs2031920 genotype, C1 and C2 gene frequencies between the ADIH group and the control group (P>0.05). The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene in ADIH group (0.711±0.085) was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.759±0.062). Results of Logistic regression showed that the overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was the influencing factor for the occurrence of ADIH (P<0.005). For each 0.1 unit increase of methylation level, the risk of ADIH occurrence reduced by 0.388 times, and the OR (95% CI) value was 0.388 (between 0.204 and 0.739).Conclusion The overall methylation level in the promoter region of CYP2E1 gene was reduced in Mongolian ADIH patients, but the polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene was not related to the occurrence of ADIH. These results suggested that CYP2E1 methylation could be applied to the prevention and treatment of ADIH in patients with tuberculosis.

Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury correlated with the methylation in the promoter regions of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 / 医学研究生学报

Objective No study has been reported on the association between the abnormal methylation of drug metabolic enzymes and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI). This article aimed to investigate the relationship of ATLI with the methylation of the CpG islands in the promoter regions of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione s-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in Chinese Mongolian patients with tuberculosis (TB). Methods This retrospective study included 93 cases of TB diagnosed and treated in the TB prevention and treatment institutions of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, between September 2016 and December 2017, which were divided into an ATLI (n = 31) and a non-ATLI group (n = 62), the former with and the latter without ATLI within 6 months after anti-TB medication. We compared the methylation levels of the CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genes between the two groups of patients and analyzed the risk factors of ATLI. Results In comparison with the non-ATLI controls, the patients of the ATLI group showed significantly lower methylation levels in the promoter regions of CYP2E1 (0.759 ± 0.066 vs 0.694 ± 0.091, P < 0.05) and GSTM1 (0.207 ± 0.093 vs 0.187 ± 0.092, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the main risk factors of ATLI included alcohol consumption (OR = 5.329, 95% CI: 1.442-19.697, P < 0.05) and methylation in the CYP2E1 promoter region (OR = 0.312, 95% CI: 0.165-0.591, P < 0.05) in the TB patients. Conclusion ATLI is associated with the methylation level in the promoter region of the CYP2E1 gene in Chinese Mongolian patients with tuberculosis, indicating that the methylation of CYP2E1 could be used as a biomarker in the prevention and control of ATLI.

Hotspots in studies on medical information education based on data source of core journals / 中华医学图书情报杂志

The hotspots and frontiers in studies on medical information education were identified with key words cluster algorithm and burst words detection algorithm by making use of CiteSpaceⅢwith 540 papers on medical in-formation education published in core journals of medical information education from 2007 to 2016 as sample data, which showed that the 7 hotspots and frontiers in studies on medical information education from 2007 to 2016 in medical information education field of China and can thus provide support for keeping abreast of its development trend and working out its development strategies.